c++ / g++ is not comparable because the original c++ reference compilers are not commercially popular today. No one is using Strouvestroups compilers.
CPython is Python. Every time your buddy says “just download python” you are using CPython . There’s no reason to be pedantic.
g++ and clang are comparable. You need to specify the implementation.
If you know enough about Python to look at how the dict is implemented, you also know the difference between Python and CPython. It's not a beginners intro.