I don't know how to measure the direct power impact on a MacBook Pro (since it's got a battery), but the typical power consumption of these cards is 9 W, not much more than Aquantia 10 GBit cards.
Also, if you remember where you saw that logo, please let me know!
Plus 1-2.5w per active cable. You need the heatsinks as the cx4 cards expect active airflow, and active transceivers as well.
I have a 10gbit dual port card in a Lenovo mini pc. There is no normal way to get any heat out of there so I put a 12v small radial fan in there as support. It works great at 5v: silent and cool. It is a fan though so might not suit your purpose.
JFYI, for measuring power draw, you might be able to use `macmon`[0] to see the total system power consumption. The values reported by the internal current sensor seem to be quite accurate.
[0] https://github.com/vladkens/macmon