Less “may” and more “medical consensus is that it absolutely does”. This is actually quite well studied.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44623976
Edit, feeding the sea-lion: Cleveland Clinic has called for a re-evaluation of erythritol's "GRAS" status:
> the present findings suggest that discussion of whether erythritol should be reevaluated as a food additive with the Generally Recognized as Safe designation is warranted.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/ATVBAHA.124.321...
> erythritol may not be as safe as currently classified by food regulatory agencies and should be reevaluated as an ingredient
https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2024/08/08/cleveland-cl...
>medical consensus is that it absolutely does
If it's actually "medical consensus", you'd find government agencies or professional organizations calling for bans, at least making announcements that it's harmful.
edit:
in response to OP's edit, I'm still not satisfied given that the statement is to call for its GRAS status to be reevaluated, when I specifically mentioned "announcements that it's harmful". At best that's "medical consensus" for "GRAS status should be reevaluated", not "medical consensus is that it absolutely [harmful]".