Being able to change stylesheets, disable or enhance various JavaScript scripts, add notes and annotations, and other things, is exactly the idea of a user agent.
The user makes a request, and then does whatever they like with the answer. Not just whatever is sensible, but whatever they want to do.
If that concept somehow became accepted again... I think the accessible web might well become a solved problem, rather than an endless slog.
In what way is that not currently possible? All browsers I know of you can edit whatever you want in any page you download
>Being able to change stylesheets
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/styl-us/
>disable or enhance various JavaScript scripts
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/ublock-origin...
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/tampermonkey/...
Yeah you can't directly alter scripts being ran (as far as I know?) but you can usually override/extend behavior and can definitely add your own
>add notes and annotations
https://cwmonkey.github.io/greasemonkey/make-note/
(I haven't actually used this one, just first result)