And incorrect assumptions. As I understand it, "I did a study on this and it turns out there's no connection" generally results in the study not being published (if the study was testing for the validity of the connection)... which is sad, because that's still useful information to have.
Those are separate issues.
Publishing uninteresting science for the record is different from an incentive to go against the crowd to refute incorrect claims.
Both would be good especially these days.