Game developers do bake navmeshes that's true, but it's not the only technique, for example they've also come up with Polyana or "any-angle pathfinding" https://github.com/vleue/polyanya

I also have on my desk "Algorithms for VLSI Physical Design Automation Third Edition" which I really like, but it's ~20 years old and has a lot of nomenclature that can be helpful, but I'm not a big believer in how the problems are broken down, which is IMO more oriented towards "designs with repeated patterns" rather than PCBs that don't usually repeat patterns (unless you're doing an LED matrix)