PHP is kind of like C. It can be very fast if you do things right, and it gives you more than enough rope to tie yourself in knots.

Making your application fast is less about tuning your runtime and more about carefully selecting what you do at runtime.

Runtime choice does still matter, an environment where you can reasonably separate sending database queries and receiving the result (async communication) or otherwise lets you pipeline requests will tend to have higher throughput, if used appropriately, batching queries can narrow the gap though. Languages with easy parallelism can make individual requests faster at least while you have available resources. Etc.

A lot of popular PHP programs and frameworks start by spending lots of time assembling a beautiful sculpture of objects that will be thrown away at the end of the request. Almost everything is going to be thrown away at the end of the request; making your garbage beautiful doesn't usually help performance.