I cannot speak for every country but in the Netherlands, your banking app also serves as a 2FA instrument if you place orders with your credit card. A pop-up notification will ask you to confirm if you have indeed placed the order. While I will admit that it is possible to predict such use cases and take your phone along, it is becoming a bit difficult to predict what part of some account or service's login flow will require a confirmation with your device.
Luckily, all/most Dutch bank apps work on GrapheneOS.
(Not saying that you claimed they didn't.)
Huh, interesting. I only have those 2FA popups for card payments online or in apps, never for payments in stores.