The key is and always has been to make sure that someone like Proton simply doesn't have the information so they can't give it away.
Exactly, you can use bitcoin, even cash. You can even add credits with PayPal or a credit card, in which case Proton (I assume) won't remember your payment data. But if you attach credit card info permanently to your account then it can be retrieved.
This is just impossible. If they're going to be sending your email to gmail then they need to see what's in it. So they will have the data at some point. You have to trust their brown eyes that they don't look at it while it's going through their inbound and outbound servers. But they're selling it as a technical protection, not a trust-based one.
Personally, if you want private Comms, just don't use email. The protocol is just not suitable.