Fair? Maybe not, but IMO it doesn't matter. The only thing that matters is gross emissions. The effects of a warming planet will not be fair. We should be looking to reduce/eliminate emissions wherever they are happening.
China's actively fixing the problem. [0]
Why aren't we?
[0] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/11/china-co2-emis...
> The only thing that matters is gross emissions
Which is why, unless you can come up with a good argument that some people have some kind of divine or natural right to a bigger share of whatever global emissions budget we decide we need to stick to, per capita is the correct way to compare countries.
Fairness matters because the only way we can collectively decide to reduce emissions is if people everywhere feel its fair.
I don't think it's fair to look only at gross emissions by country. How can we demand that India drastically cut its emissions when its per capita output is already so low? Forcing reductions there effectively caps their living standards while developed nations continue to enjoy the benefits of much higher individual carbon footprints.