People have been booggeyman'ing offshoring since before I entered the industry and it's never been all that significant of a factor. Time zones are a big piece but there are a lot of other factors that make offshoring less appealing than a naive analysis of Fully Loaded Cost per head.

The hiring boom was post 2019, in the article's chart it is easy to see. It was a multi year hiring boom, that only slowed up in 2023/2024.