It’s not exploitation unless the participants in the deal are being coerced. You can’t make a solid case for employees being coerced to work for an exploitative employer outside of company towns or non-functioning labor markets; neither of these apply to the Philippines.
If the chatter thought the job was so bad, they can quit and get a different one. Millions of people make that choice, it is available to them. There is no requirement that they do this work; it is entirely voluntary. The people doing these jobs have determined that it is the best option for them, personally, or they wouldn’t be there.
PS: $2-4/hr is a more than decent wage in the Philippines. Median income there is $2.11/hr, minimum wage is $1.36/hr.
The requirement is that they not starve, not be made homeless, and not be forced into even less appealing and/or more dangerous work.
The coercion comes from the very limited choices they have to avoid that.
> unless the participants in the deal are being coerced.
Here's the nice thing about it: they are! If they don't work (for any of the equally exploitative companies in their country) they die.