Use the ellipse selection tool and hold Shift to make it a circle. Hold Ctrl to pull from origo. Then use Stroke Selection or Fill Selection.

Although, I miss being able to create a selection from a point on the ellipse/circle instead of just origin or bounding box corner.

I would also like to stroke on the inside or outside of the selection instead of just its middle. I have often had to first fill the circle and then select again from the same origin point to cut out the inside.

If you want to draw circles, you're probably looking for a vector drawing program, like Inkscape.

There's always the GFig filter, which has existed in GIMP for a long time. :)

GIMP 3.2 actually adds vector layers, which are the basis for a shape tool (it was my "big project" for this release). We have a GSoC project idea for doing the last bit of work to make a dedicated shape tool: https://developer.gimp.org/core/internship/ideas/#implement-...

You can draw a representation of a circle with extremely primitive tools and it isn't possible to actually draw a circle. Your question as rendered is hard to answer.