I haven't read the article, but my understanding is that a normal curve results from summing several samples from most common probability distributions, and also a normal curve results from summing many normal curves.
All summation roads lead to normal curves. (There might be an exception for weird probability distributions that do not have a mean; I was surprised when I learned these exist.)
Life is full of sums. Height? That's a sum of genetics and nutrition, and both of those can be broken down into other sums. How long the treads last on a tire? That's a sum of all the times the tire has been driven, and all of those times driving are just sums of every turn and acceleration.
I'm not a data scientist. I'm just a programmer that works with piles of poorly designed business logic.
How did I do in my interview? (I am looking for a job.)
Say I have N independent and identically distributed random variables with finite mean. Assuming the sum converges to a distribution, what is the distribution they converge to?