It's like the Swiss Cheese model where every system has "holes" or vulnerabilities, several layers, and a major incident only occurs when a hole aligns through all the layers.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_cheese_model
I use this model all the time. It's very helpful for explaining the multifactorial genesis of catastrophes to ordinary people.
I use this model all the time. It's very helpful for explaining the multifactorial genesis of catastrophes to ordinary people.