I remember reading in Courtenay Harding's (now very old) book, Recovery from Schizophrenia: Evidence, History, and Hope, that populations with a higher prevalence of bipolar tended to have a lower prevalence of schizophrenia, and vice versa. The implication was that the same thing was being expressed differently in differing contexts. I would be curious if more contemporary studies bore this out.
I believe I've heard that synaptic pruning may be implicated in both.