https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Gandhi

From what I heard, there was a Civilization game which suffered from an unsigned integer underflow error where Gandhi, whose aggression was set to 0, would become "less aggressive" due to some event in the game, but due to integer underflow, this would cause his aggression to go to 255, causing him to nuke the entire map.

The article says this was just an urban legend though. Well, real or not, it's a perfect example of the principle!