No, I don't think you are missing anything. Only recently have engineers been inventing things from "first principles". I think for the majority of human civilization we've mostly invented and improved through trial and error.
How many computing or mathematical constructs fall into that category? You don't accidentally land on a new algorithm typically.
The author shouldn't have discussed inventions when the nugget is about "original thought".
yea all of modern semiconductors were built on a guy going "wouldnt it be cool if i could write using metal instead of ink"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czochralski_method