> I hope they also get penalised when a lowly worker does a bad thing, even if the worker is an LLM silently misinterpreting a vague instruction.

Yeah the buck stops with the manager (IMO the direct manager). So I can do some constructive criticism with my dev if they make a mistake, but it's my fault in the larger org that it happened. Then it's my manager's job to work with me to make sure I create the environment where the same mistake doesn't happen again. Am I training well? Am I giving them well-scoped work? All that.