It's less of solving a problem, but trying every single solution until one works. Exhaustive search pretty much.
It's pretty much how all the hard problems are solved by AI from my experience.
The link has an entire section on "The infeasibility of finding it by brute force."
But this is exactly how we do math.
We start writing all those formulas etc and if at some point we realise we went th wrong way we start from the begignning (or some point we are sure about).
How do you think mathematicians solve problems?
No, that's precisely solving a problem.
Shotgunning it is an entirely valid approach to solving something. If AI proves to be particularly great at that approach, given the improvement runway that still remains, that's fantastic.
If LLMs really solved hard problems by 'trying every single solution until one works', we'd be sitting here waiting until kingdom come for there to be any significant result at all. Instead this is just one of a few that has cropped up in recent months and likely the foretell of many to come.