In Europe they are. Call yourself an Engineer without a degree and your company and you will be sued with a big fine, because here you must be legally accountable on disasters and ofc there are hard constraints .
Canada also (at least some provinces). I have quite a few Canadian software engineer colleagues with their iron rings to prove it.
No, that's plain wrong (I am from Czech Republic). You can even get an "engineering degree" (Ing.) by studying economics.
> In Europe they are
Where specifically? I've been working as a "Software engineer" for multiple decades, across three countries in Europe, and 2-3 countries outside of Europe, never been sued or received a "big fine" for this, even have had presentations for government teams and similar, not a single person have reacted to me (or others) calling ourselves "software engineers" this whole time.