I’ve heard rumors that DNS records are also sometimes used in some steganography-type communications. Great way of passing small messages in a ubiquitous and innocuous system, unlikely to be blocked or raise eyebrows by accessing.
If you consider information theory, when something has states, you can store data in any system that has multiple states, which means you can store data in any system.
The placement of coffee cups on a table can be used to encode data.
At that point, only your audience needs to know that data is there.
I mean, kind of, but they're able to be cached easily and inexpensively in a way that kind of defies the intrinsic values behind steganography.
A popular use of DNS is for malware to communicate their status. They do this by requesting e.g. "i_am_in_$RANDOM_NUMBER".badplace.ru.cn.cx.