Aren't all of them microcoded? Some years back root was achieved on a line of intel processors and new instructions implemented as proof of concept. There's an academic paper, citation not immediately to hand.
I saw the paper from Google last year and thought something in it aligned with not everything running through the microcode engine, though I could be wrong.
Some instructions are microcoded but others take the fast path and avoid the microcode sequencer. Can't patch the latter in microcode RAM.