Off the top of my head, wouldn't it be super easy to expose lab rats to microplastics and measure results?
No way this isn't heavily studies by now.
Edit: found a whole meta-study in like 30 seconds of searching: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/...
There's a lot more to the linked study than this, but since I know a lot of people won't bother to click the link:
> Micro/nano-plastics negatively affected the blood glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and reproductive function in mice.