> They exist only if the request passed through Cloudflare's network. A bot making direct requests to the origin server or running behind a non-Cloudflare proxy will produce missing or inconsistent values.

...I don't think that's possible even if you are a bot? I would be very surprised if OAI had their origin exposed to the internet. What is a "non-Cloudflare proxy"? Is this AI slop?

It's likely just looking at the CF properties as part of a bot scoring metric (e.g. many users from this ASN or that geoip to this specific city exhibit abusive patterns).