Interesting — those are the ones that depending on the case, approximating them with local redis/postgres/vms without the AWS specific APIs on top is often good enough — because my app is just talking to them over native protocols anyway.

Or I am doing something so specific, that a local emulation of the aws api isn’t ever going to be good enough, so there’s not a lot of point in trying. For example, writing code that handles automatically spinning up RDS instances from an RDS snapshot — a local emulation of that process is going to be so far off from what would actually happen no matter what they do.