In things like the battle of Cajamarca the Incan lost a battle against the Spanish with 8000 warriors against 150. All the 150 survived.
Disease was important but there was a large technological and cultural gap too (e.g. the Incan didn't fight at night!).
> the Incan didn't fight at night!
To be fair to the Inca, I didn't expect the night–vision–equipped Spanish Inquisition, either.
You're missing a zero. It was EIGHTY thousand, not 8000.
Around the same time, 460 men in 6 ships destroyed 30000 men in 400 ships taking over Ormuz. Portugal and Spain were just incredibly OP during that time period. And the people in Ormuz were more advanced than the natives in US. And they still got absolutely destroyed.
I just read this https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cajamarca
It seems like the Incans were overconfident and didn't expect a surprise attack (didn't have their weapons, only a small retinue around the rule in ceremonial garb instead of armor), and then the 8000 warriors were outside and didn't even attempt to fight the Spaniards because they were so demoralized.