I remember people in Germany who had to go underground to evade the draft, even as recently as the early 2000s.

Here's a story from 2002 about how the supreme court there upheld the legality of a military draft:

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-apr-11-mn-37321...

anyway, if you refused to be drafted and did not want to go to jail, you had to more-or-less stop using any government services, rent with roommates, avoid using a credit card etc. until you've reached some age, and then you could emerge again because the duty to serve expires at that certain (not very high) age. It was cuh-razy.