Although he's trying to avoid using floating point, the dirty secret in many Microsoft-derived BASICs, including Commodore's, is that everything is floating point. In fact, even if you explicitly declare a variable as integer, it actually gets truncated and expanded: the native format for calculations is still 40-bit MBF. The only advantage integer variables have is smaller array storage. Every variable in his program is actually internally handled as a floating point value even though they're all integrals.