What about going "back" INSIDE an application?
Think for example reddit, you open a thread, how do you go back?
You open the "reply window, now ho you ho back? Maybe close it directly?
I Android this is all handled by the same function and is often ranked as the most frustrating design choice in IOS
There is a common way to go back (swipe from the left edge of the screen). Some apps just don't integrate well and ignore the platform patterns.
I'm not using Reddit in any capacity since they have started giving their content for LLM training, so I can't help you with that, but looking at 4-5 third party applications right now, they all have a left arrow at top left to go back.
They all are very different applications and have very different designs, yet the arrow is there.
To be honest, I baffled at your question for a second or so, because I never thought about that, yet the method is so universal that I was not thinking about it at all.