Wait so if I do iOS setting notifications > never show previews it’s still caching them in the background? Unencrypted?
yes, since apple doesn't control the content of the pushes it is sent by application backends. that can only be controlled within each app
Yes. And technically, from a privacy perspective, it's even worse than that. What's additionally happening is they're still 'syncing' back to Apple servers via APNS (and to Alphabet servers via Firebase on Android)—even with notifications completely disabled, that's correct.
If the app generates them, the OS receives them. That's why the Signal app offers this setting.