Munich is a bad example - they were effectively „bought out“ by Microsoft by investing hugely into the local economy in the form of offices and employees. It was also two parties that kept flip flopping with different priorities. Linux itself had some hiccups but was fine from what I recall.

You must be German — the French state is a lot more top down than Germany with its regions, so generally these kinds of mandates get applied broadly

Werent the munich government employees quite happy with linux, but microsofts lobbying with their headquarters got them to switch back?

Earlier attempts were mostly about money and ideology. Now its a question of security, thanks to one 'clever' 'businessman'. So thanks to his _great_ efforts, it might actually work out this time.

If they only diverted 10% of the budget from MS to solving issues they’d have had a solution a decade or two ago.

Munich led to "all of Schleswig-Holstein" in Germany. 44,000 Exchange mailboxes replaced with Open-Xchange. 25,000 Windows+Office desktops replaced with Linux+OpenOffice.

Motivation matters.