alt Hacker NewsSABRE, is a reminder that things that are well designed just work.
How many banks and ERP's, how many accounting systems are still running COBOL scripts? (A lot).
Think about modern web infrastructure and how we deploy...
cpu -> hypervisor -> vm -> container -> run time -> library code -> your code
Do we really need to stack all these turtles (abstractions) just to get instructions to a CPU?
Every one of those layers has offshoots to other abstractions, tools and functionality that only adds to the complexity and convolution. Languages like Rust and Go compiling down to an executable are a step, revisiting how we deploy (the container layer) is probably on the table next... The use case for "serverless" is there (and edge compute), but the costs are still backwards because the software hasn't caught up yet.
Library code - This is necessary because some things are best done correctly, just once, and then reused. I am not going to write my own date/time handling code. Or crypto. Or image codecs.
Run time - This makes development faster. Python, Lua, and Node.js projects can typically test out small changes locally faster than Rust and C++ can recompile. (I say this as a pro Rust user - The link step is so damned slow.)
Container - This gives you a virtual instance of "apt-get". System package managers can't change, so we abstract over them and reuse working code to fit a new need. I am this very second building something in Docker that would trash my host system if I tried to install the dependencies. It's software that worked great on Ubuntu 22.04, but now I'm on Debian from 2026. Here I am reusing code that works, right?
VM - Containers aren't a security sandbox. VMs allow multiple tenants to share hardware with relative safety. I didn't panic when the Spectre hacks came out - The cloud hosts handled it at their level. Without VMs, everyone would have to run their own dedicated hardware? Would I be buying a dedicated CPU core for my proof-of-concept app? VMs are the software equivalent of the electrical grid - Instead of everyone over-provisioning with the biggest generator they might ever need, everyone shares every power station. When a transmission line drops, the lights flicker and stay on. It's awe-inspiring once you realize how much work goes into, and how much convenience comes out of, that half-second blip when you _almost_ lose power but don't.
Hypervisor - A hypervisor just manages the VMs, right?
Come on. Don't walk gaily up to fences. Most of it's here for a reason.