They are done with transistors though. Transistors form an efficient, single element, universal digital basis.
And are a much less arbitrary choice than NAND, vs. NOR, XOR, etc.
Using transistors as conceptual digital logic primitives, where power dissipation isn't a thing, Pass Logic is "The Way".
> Transistors form an efficient, single element, universal digital basis
But transistors can be N or P-channel, so it’s not a single logical primitive, like e.g. NAND-gates.
Single transistors aren't yet logic gates by themselves; they are amplifiers with a very specific gain function that makes it possible to use them as switches. Logic gates usually consist of at least two transistors. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS for an example of how it is done in CMOS technology.