restrict is in C99. I’m not sure why standard C++ never adopted it, but I can guess: it can be hard to reason about two restrict’d pointers in C, and it probably becomes impossible when it interacts with other C++ features.

The rest are compiler extensions, but if you’re in the space you quickly learn that portability is valued far less than program optimization. Most of the point of your large calculations is the actual results themselves, not the code that got you there. The code needs to be correct and reproducible, but HPC folks (and grant funding agencies) don’t care if your Linux/amd64 program will run, unported, on Windows or on arm64. Or whether you’ve spent time making your kernels work with both rocm and cuda.