Fair, but one of the big benefits of normalization was the benefit on storage and memory back in the day which was tiny comparatively.
There's always a reason for a dev to ship something shitty but when you show you can use 80% less storage for the same operation you can make the accountants your lever.
Nonsense. See Codd’s first paper.
1NF removes repeating groups, putting for example data for each month in its own row, not an array of 12 months in 1 row.
Storage efficiency was never the point. IMS had that locked down. Succinctness of expression and accuracy of results was the point. And is: normalization prevents anomalous results.
The purpose of normalization is not to save storage. In fact it might often require more storage, since it involves introducing a foreign-key column. It really depends on the data in question whether it saves storage or require more.