> more modern protocols (in userspace)

That's really it. The list of things that "need" to be in the kernel is shrinking steadily, and the downsides of having C code running in elevated privilege levels are increasing. None of that is about LLMs at all, except to the extent that it's a notable inflection point in a decades-scale curve.

The future, and we basically all agree, puts complexities like protocol handling and state in daemons and leaves only the hardware, process and I/O management in the kernel.

Basically, Tannenbaum was right about the design but wrong about the schedule and path to get there.