Combination of state support and US intelligence sharing arrangements. This is a smaller operation. Larger operation is AMDOCS which runs billing for most global carriers = access to every billable activity. EU should get rid of them IMHO.

When your goal is to covertly subvert and take control of foreign nations, these sorts of skills tend to come in handy.

They run a mass surveillance operation so they can target individual people with exploding pagers. It's just another aspect of the longstanding war between Israel and Iran (via Hezbollah etc).

They are a country surrounded by countries that either dislike them or want them wiped from the face of the earth. It only makes sense that they have a significant intelligence and spying industry.

The genocide they're undertaking does place that industry in a whole new light, of course.