Unfortunately, I think there's no way for a SIM card to indicate to the phone that it would like it to please never connect to any 2G (or any non-mutually-authenticated) network.
Absent that, maybe this happens via a carrier profile (or equivalent mechanism)?
Ah, so the attack might depend on whether your phone is set to allow roaming or not. Maybe.
But I only have an option for data roaming on/off, not roaming entirely.