alt Hacker Newsdisclaimer: Not a lawyer, but studying towards CIPP/E.
You'd make no friends doing it, but as I understand it, for those that have GDPR as a statutory right then under "[Article 22 - Automated individual decision-making, including profiling][0]" you can request to know if your CV was screened by AI and what (and this is key) "meaningful human interaction" led to that decision. Technically this falls under a data subject access request and so a response is mandatory (but who really is going to enforce that - ICO / <insert your data protection agency here> probably isn't). Companies can't just smash a button and claim meaningful interaction, it has to be, well, meaningful and smashing a "nope" button obviously isn't meaninful.
If it turns out that it was only AI that screened it you can request a human review. Do not hold your breath.
Again, you'd make no friends doing it, but sooner or later a test case will emerge to generate some case law around "AI said no" because employment, or lack of because AI says no, does have significant impact on a human.
The issue is that indeed, nobody is going to enforce that.