Shanghai was great in the 2010s. Seems like a different place today.
Are the bullet trains making enough to pay down construction debt yet? My understanding is that that has been a struggle, which is going to be a problem when they get past being new and start having more and more maintenance expense on top of paying back construction debt.
Well, the Shinkansen lines managed to bankrupt JNR in Japan just fine. :) Still they are a massive benefit for the country.
I've been living in Shanghai sinze 2010, with some time in between in Shenzhen. Shanghai is much better now than in the 2010s.
They dont have to, they are reqired to make the country work. Its like trying to make us roads profitable.