From a tech perspective it has been a solved problem since about a decade ago, via DID (decentralised identities) and their Verifiable Proofs.

The EU digital wallet framework is built around those, and your suggested scenario is a first class citizen.

It is now moving from the academic/research world, to the political field, and feedback/pressure from both commercial groups and political agendas is muddling the field.

Here are some links to canonical docs, you can easily find high quality videos that explain this is shorter/simpler terms to get a grasp of it.

https://www.w3.org/TR/did-1.0/

https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0/

A note: it’s one of the healthy byproducts of the blockchain age, don’t get sidetracked by some hyped videos from crypto bros.