Endless ways, which is why I do not understand why sudo is ever used anymore, especially in production.
You do not need root to do anything in Linux these days anyway between Namespaces and Capabilities so there is really no reason for root to be accessible at all or have any processes running as root post boot.
I dont mean to be snarky, can you run `pacman -Syu` without root with "new" tech? Or do you mean in general on production systems or whatever?