Some disciplines are much better at managing the PhD admissions to match the job opportunities. Philosophy for example.
But I don't think that's done with most science PhDs. Is that because of a culture of exploiting cheap labor?
Or perhaps because of the vast appetite for the benefits that accrue from scientific research, without wanting to truly fund science and education.
> Is that because of a culture of exploiting cheap labor?
It's not just a culture; there is a lot of government and industry grant money funding (and enabling) the exploitation in the sciences. If applied philosophy is found to be productizable and/or beneficial to National Interest, the same exploitation would grow in Philosophy departments.