Algorithms like these typically have some foundation in the same type of vector embedding used elsewhere in AI, eg semantic and other qualities that map to overlapping or nearby latent space will drive suggested content. So, what typically trends on TikTok, goes viral, etc? Entertainment, emotional hooks.
In short, anti democratic content was, on average, more entertaining or emotion provoking.
That doesn't have to hold a deeper meaning on the value of any particular political viewpoint, or require tiktok's thumb on the scales of the algorithm to explain things. I'm not even saying TikTok didn't/doesn't do such things, but that type of interference isn't required to explain this trend.
While I don’t think you’re wrong with respect to the mechanics of the algorithm favoring „engaging“ content. However at the same time I do think that they have the finger on the scales because the media company’s know full well what they’re serving. I bet there’s not a lot of pro democracy content trending on Chinese TikTok the same way anti democratic content is served in western TikTok