Can those be used without logging in online to Steam?
Only if you don't want to use Steam. I'm not really sure what point you think you're making here by constantly asking whether you can use SteamOS without logging in to Steam. You can however install literally anything you like on a Steam Deck.
Yes, they are Arch and Fedora Atomic variants respectively and don't require any accounts or corporate affiliation.
Yes you can use SteamOS without logging into Steam too!
Only if you don't want to use Steam. I'm not really sure what point you think you're making here by constantly asking whether you can use SteamOS without logging in to Steam. You can however install literally anything you like on a Steam Deck.