Any industry or economic activity where extractive financialisation takes priority over productive economic activity that delivers human value.

Example: the UK's privatisation of water utilities. The UK's water now exist to turn government handouts into dividends while providing as little practical value as possible.

This is not hyperbole. The industry literally dumps shit in the UK's rivers to save operating expenses, and has built zero new reservoirs since privatisation.

let's reverse the question. Where are markets expected to be optimal?

> definition of 'perfect competition' perfect competition, in which there are large numbers of identical suppliers and demanders of the same product, buyer and sellers can find one another at no cost, and no barriers prevent new suppliers from entering the market.

And that perfect competition provides the price signals that allow the market to be more competitive.

The less that holds true, the less efficient the market is going to be.

What is the price signal on education?

What is the price signal on public infrastructure?

What is the price signal on rule of law and the ability to enforce contracts?

City transit-it transports more people than taxis and uber put together. The trade off is public transit is slower (in my case 35 minutes by link-rail vs 15 minutes by car, and probably 20 minutes if I were to take an uber)

Electric service to the home, streets, policing, fire and rescue.

Healthcare.

Wartime production mobilization, public health (vaccine procurement, disease eradication), natural monopolies like power grids.

Public transport, water and sewage systems, infrastructure like roads and bridges are more of a hybrid model with a strong planning component, and private contractors (who consume a lot of public funds and often misuse them).