I wouldn't say other components are expensive. Common ones are:
- Relay as an optimization. That's cheap-ish ($30/mo) or free-ish if you pool with others.
- Your own app server. That's on par with normal web apps as long as you can keep a socket open. What's expensive is if the app you're making is a fully capable copy of Bluesky itself with gigabytes of existing posts — but is that the app you're making? The economics here are identical to normal web app stuff.
> What's expensive is if the app you're making is a fully capable copy of Bluesky itself with gigabytes of existing posts
This is the implicit idea in my comment when I said it's expensive. If Bluesky banned me and I could not find another AppView with comparable reach and audience, I lose, the ban is effective.
Another problem is ATProto users don't usually associate then with an AppView the same way Mastodon users associate with the instance, it's hard to raise fund to sustain the infrastructure cost.