In some cases they are literally flying small prop aircraft and shooting Shaheds down with a rifle from the cockpit, almost like WWI.

I've also seen videos of drones equipped with shotguns shooting down drones, but those seem to mostly be smaller drones, not long range Shahed drones.

In either case, both are examples of re-usable interceptors, manned and unmanned.

Multiple shotgun shells mounted inside of flying platform for final product. For prototyping it is regulatory nightmare in Germany though. That’s a trade-off reusability vs. hard hit. I took Rheinmetall’s calculation of 1000€ for single piece of their magic anti drone munition for business case.

Interceptors can just be an aircraft that goes up and sends a munition at the target.

Think of fighters going up to intercept bombing missions in wwii.