New CDL licensees have to take a rather expensive training course before they can get their class A/B CDL (things with a GVWR of >= 26,000# or school bus). There are some online theory only sites that charge up to $300, but in many (maybe all?) states (mine for sure) you still have to take an accredited behind-the-wheel (plus theory) class that runs $4k-5k. Everyone getting their CDL after Feb 2022 has to take this course.

https://tpr.fmcsa.dot.gov/

https://tpr.fmcsa.dot.gov/content/Resources/ELDT-Applicabili...

> BAC should be lower. Fines higher.

This is already the case.

For sure big trucks don't pay the costs of the damage that they do to road surfaces. Road damage is proportional to the cube of speed and 4th power of axle weight. So an 80,000# semi does 4096 the damage of an 4,000# SUV, both driving the same speed.

Math:

80,000 / 5 = 16,000# per axle 4,000 /2 = 2,000# per axle

(16/2)^4 = 4,096.

Disclaimer: I used to work for my state's version of DMV & Highway Department.